首先，有可能是土著，伊拉克南部居民，以及科威特人是其后裔。
36. The Sumerian People
>I would like to ask you a question concerning the sumerian people. First , were
>they indoeuropeen
I believe that the proto-Sumerian language predates the proto-Indoeuropean language.
> and second, were they blonde people with nordic white skin.
Probably not. They described themselves as the black-headed people and the book by Cavalli-Sforza et al., The History and Geography of Human Genes, suggests that their modern day descendants are the people of Kuwait.
Postscript added January 21, 2014. A 2011 study of the DNA of 143 Marsh Arabs and a large sample of Iraqi controls arrived at the following conclusions: "Evidence of genetic stratification ascribable to the Sumerian development was provided by the Y-chromosome data where the J1-Page08 branch reveals a local expansion, almost contemporary with the Sumerian City State period that characterized Southern Mesopotamia. On the other hand, a more ancient background shared with Northern Mesopotamia is revealed by the less represented Y-chromosome lineage J1-M267*. Overall our results indicate that the introduction of water buffalo breeding and rice farming, most likely from the Indian sub-continent, only marginally affected the gene pool of autochthonous people of the region. Furthermore, a prevalent Middle Eastern ancestry of the modern population of the marshes of southern Iraq implies that if the Marsh Arabs are descendants of the ancient Sumerians, also the Sumerians were most likely autochthonous and not of Indian or South Asian ancestry." "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq", Nadia Al-Zahery1, Maria Pala1, Vincenza Battaglia1, Viola Grugni1, Mohammed A Hamod23, Baharak Hooshiar Kashani1, Anna Olivieri1, Antonio Torroni1, Augusta S Santachiara-Benerecetti1 and Ornella Semino, BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:288.
若有小夥伴不舒服，不同意，可以找《蘇美語詞典》作者：John A. Halloran，聊聊，讨论讨论。
另外，个人要说的是，乌尔王陵中-乌尔女王的名字。彻头彻尾的阿卡德语。即便她不是阿卡德人，但她在这里用了阿卡德人名字。
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德黑兰大学的文章……嗯，伊朗人，难免会抬高一下自己祖先，埃兰人。这里的公元前3500年，本人是不确定埃兰是否有明确的政权。但是嘛，苏美人与埃兰人同一路，这还是勉强有些迹象的。
本人由始至终认为，所谓：苏美人，其实是埃兰人的一支。苏美人自己写的《恩美卡尔与阿拉塔之王》，以及有关恩美卡尔出身在阿拉塔（有两处描述，详见拱玉书先生著作《像太阳般升起》），以及等等。自然，这仅为本人的业余看法。
Frankfort的首创理论，将苏美尔人的到来，看作是uruk时期的开始，在1930年代受德国学者的支持，主要有E.Speiser（1930）和A.Ungnad（1936：10）。在Speiser的观点中，苏美尔人的大部分古代城市起源于埃兰人（Elamite），而埃兰人，按他所述的相关性，是Lullubeans和Kassite的山地居民，在苏美尔人迁入美索不达米亚之前就有了（1930:40,46）。苏美尔人想来是从南部入侵进入美索不达米亚，从东方经过波斯湾而来。Speiser建议说，也许和达罗毗荼人（Dravidian）人有关（1930:83）。
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苏美人是埃兰人的其中一个分支。（但也有可能不是，不否认，原则上，四面八方的居民都移居到伊拉克南部，多民族融合，因此产生了“苏美人”。埃兰分支，兴许只是其中一支。事实上，就连所谓的埃兰人，也极有可能是四面八方的移民融合而成。）
《The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State》，第5页。
本人认为的干货皆在此，诸位信也好，不信也罢，都无妨。
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For instance, it is commonly accepted that the founders of Sumerian civilization came from the outside of the region, their exact origin is, however, still a matter of debate. It is suggested that migrants of Iranian, Indian [32],
Molleson T, Hodgson D. (2003) The Human Remains from Woolley’s Excavations at Ur “Iraq” 65: British Institute for the Study of Iraque 91–129 p.
节选自：《mtDNA from the Early Bronze Age to the Roman Period Suggests a Genetic Link between the Indian Subcontinent and Mesopotamian Cradle of Civilization》
Molleson T, Hodgson D. (2003) The Human Remains from Woolley’s Excavations at Ur “Iraq” 65: British Institute for the Study of Iraque 91–129 p.
——————该文互联网上有电子版，感兴趣的可以搜搜。波兰研究小组引援这篇文章，估计是认为乌尔王陵的遗骸骨骼特征跟伊朗高原、印度那边，有关系。
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13年，波兰研究小组，对叙利亚城遗（马瑞城邦附近的遗迹）的尸骸，进行了鉴定。其中四具，有（南亚-藏人）的基因。
14年时，云南科技学院，对该研究进行了详细的拓展研究，以及dna对比。发现，叙利亚城遗的四具尸骸，极有可能是来自古印度的商人，带到了叙利亚马瑞城邦附近。
需要注明的是，无论13年文章，还是14年文章，原文都没有将这四具尸骸，认为是苏美人。
四个样本编号：
MK 11G 107
MK 13G 117
TQ 28F 256
TQ 28F 112
四个样本的划分
Taken together, our mtDNA analysis shows that mtDNAs of these ancient Mesopotamians probably originated from Indian merchants. This, thus rules out the hypothesis that these samples comprise an ancient component (Upper Paleolithic) of macrohaplogroup M involved in the founding of the Mesopotamian civilization. Therefore, the present study sheds new insights on the understanding of the origins of ancient Mesopotamian macrohaplogroup M lineages and the influence of Indian-Tamil merchants to Mesopotamian gene pool during trans-oceanic trade.
总结。
13年，波兰研究小组文章。
《mtDNA from the Early Bronze Age to the Roman Period Suggests a Genetic Link between the Indian Subcontinent and Mesopotamian Cradle of Civilization》
注意，该文被互联网上，一个名为罗某人的偏执狂妖魔化！该文章从未明确交代这遗骸是苏美人，然而，某个疯子（请原谅我这么形容此人）一个劲以讹传讹。
14年，《Tamil Merchant in Ancient Mesopotamia》
云南大学生物资源保护与利用实验室，以及跟印度那边学者联合著文。
说真的，不要看见两河流域（Mesopotamia）居民，就莫名其妙先入为主扯成什么苏美人……等下全是埃兰人以及印度人的亲戚，那就搞笑了。两河流域在地理范围上是很广阔的，民族众多。
